KW-Software makes a .NET-based, hardwareindependent automation solution available for equipment ranging from simple devices all the way to programmable-logic controllers (PLCs). A manufacturer-independent device interface based on standardised technology is created by using MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language) as a device-independent intermediate language and the Microsoft CLR (Common Language Runtime) debug interface for downloading, monitoring and diagnostics. For moderate real-time requirements, ProConOS embedded CLR is used on Windows operating systems, and for hard real-time it is used on embedded operating systems, such as VxWorks. The CLR technology forms the runtime basis for .NET and executes all applications regardless of the programming language that is selected and the hardware platform that is used. Consequently, CLR presents a uniform runtime system for .NET target platforms. Using embedded CLR makes this technology available with real-time capabilities. CLR executes CIL's standardised intermediate code. CIL was formerly called MSIL, but the ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) renamed it during the standardisation process. .NET differs significantly from other runtime environments in that from the start it is built to handle several programming languages in parallel. CIL is completely open, object-oriented and hardware-independent. In this way, it is possible to program devices simultaneously in C# and with MULTIPROG (IEC-61131 programming) or other tools. Beyond this, the CLR debug interface makes a manufacturer-independent device interface available for downloading, monitoring and diagnosis.

Flexible runtime control

ProConOS eCLR (embedded Common Language Runtime) is a new-generation runtime-control system that features a programmable automation controller (PAC) with an open programming interface on the basis of CIL. It is possible to download the system software dynamically together with the application. To achieve the fast response times required in industrial applications, the new runtime-control software also executes genuine machine code. ProConOS eCLR makes the .NET environment accessible for embedded platforms using the Nios II embedded processor (Figure 1). The software is configured for use as an automation controller; therefore, eCLR offers additional functionalities that target PLCs, but can also be used for motion control or CNC. The main features of eCLR include high-speed execution, a small memory footprint, communication via remote access, high-speed data transfer and flexible debugging. When implemented in a Nios II platform, ProConOS eCLR, together with the MULTIPROG programming system and an OPC server, makes it possible to build a high-performance PLC system.

Control applications

The combination of Cyclone II FPGAs and a Nios II embedded processor now offers an alternative to ASICs and ASSPs. Designs that utilise a Nios II/Cyclone II combination can easily implement a complete embedded processor system with performance over 100MIPS at a low cost. The Nios II family consists of three soft CPU cores: one for maximum speed, one optimised for logic efficiency, and one for a optimised combination of both criteria. All three cores are 100% code-compatible, providing developers with the option of changing the CPU configuration without placing limitations on the software investments that have already been made. Unlike standard CPUs and other FPGA solutions, the Nios II instruction set can be expanded with up to 256 user-specific instructions. The processor is supported by more than 60 peripheral functions with versatile options for combinations. The function blocks include such features as Ethernet, USB and memory controllers. As part of Altera's Quartus II software, SOPC Builder supports these peripheral functions for rapid, highly automated implementation.

The programming system

MULTIPROG is a programming system (Figure 2) for control applications having requirements that range from moderate to the most demanding specifications. It is easy to operate and is equipped with all the required functions. It is used in a variety of industrial sectors, ranging from building machines and plants to automotive and transportation applications as well as process automation. MULTIPROG supports all IEC programming languages, making it possible to choose from five different programming languages: FBS, KOP, AWL, ST and AS. Depending on the project requirements and the user's programming skills, it is also possible to mix the languages (for example, those who program in high-level languages quickly feel at home with ST, whereas experienced PLC programmers might prefer KOP). Other features include a tool kit available for adapting to customer-specific runtime systems for controllers that allows online changes to be made regardless of the size of the application program. MULTIPROG is also multilingual. Intuitive use of the software functions offers support in all phases of automation projects: Project handling (in compliance with the international IEC 61131-3 standard), creation of the control application, parameterisation and configuration of the controller, code generation (compiling) and downloading to the controller, testing, commissioning and maintenance, documentation and archiving. MULTIPROG runs as a 32-bit application on Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME and Windows NT/2000/XP.

Development board

A development board, the DBC2C20, is available for deployment using the processor in a .NET Framework for industrial applications. The platform supports the different field-bus standards and hosts a Cyclone II FPGA to offer sufficient resources for a complete factory-automation system.